Nature of the Pseudepigrapha

The OT Pseudepigrapha belong to the same type of literature as what are traditionally referred to as the OT Apocryphal books (or Deuterocanonical books). Both groups are made up largely of popular Jewish religious literature composed mostly during the intertestamental period, and fall within a variety of literary genres. The pseudepigraphal material gives an excellent perspective on the nature of popular Jewish religion in the period immediately preceding the NT era. Although not necessarily treated as Scripture by them, this material was known to a number of the NT writers (for example, 1Enoch 1:8-9 was known and quoted by the writer of Jude 14), and its theology anticipates some of the theological expressions of the NT. This collection of the Greek Pseudepigrapha, moreover, shows a type of Greek that is akin to both the LXX and the Greek of the NT. It is thus useful in understanding the character of NT Greek.

Nature of the Greek Pseudepigrapha Module

This Accordance module contains all known Greek texts of the Pseudepigrapha. Other texts of the Pseudepigrapha that do not appear in this module (such as 2Enoch) are not present, because they do not have a Greek manuscript. This module is a morphologically tagged module. That means that each Greek word in the corpus is given its lexical form (lemma) as well as its parsing. This allows sophisticated lexical and grammatical searches by the Accordance user, which in turn is a great boost for the study of other morphological Greek texts available for Accordance.

Electronic Material

The actual Greek texts used in this module have been digitized from standard public domain texts, as described in more detail here:

  1. The electronic text was entered by Dr. Craig A. Evans of Acadia Divinity College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.
  2. The lemmas and grammatical tagging were entered by Dr. Rex A. Koivisto of Multnomah Bible College, Portland, Oregon with the assistance of Dr. Marco V. Fabbri, of Pontificia Universita Della Santa Croce, Rome, Italy.
  3. The Sibyllines lemmas and grammatical tagging were entered by Dr. Marco V. Fabbri, of Pontificia Universita Della Santa Croce, Rome, Italy.

Explanation

  1. The arrangement of the different texts is based upon the arrangement used in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, James H. Charlesworth, Anchor Bible; 1st edition (1983).
  2. The fragmentary texts, except when derived from a papyrus, primarily come from quotations by Josephus, Eusebius, and Clement of Alexandria, as described below. These are indicated by the symbol fr in the titles below.
  3. The short name in brackets is the name of the Accordance module.
  4. The Greek Pseudepigrapha PSEUD-T module can be viewed in parallel with the Charles Pseudepigrapha Translation PSEUD. Some of the texts are found in one module but not the other, so there is no parallel for those texts.

Contents

Apocalyptic Works

  1. Book of Enoch [Enoch]
    H. B. Swete, The Psalms of Solomon with the Greek Fragments of the Book of Enoch (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899).
  2. Sibylline Oracles [Sibyl.]
    J. Geffcken (ed.), Die Oracula Sibyllina (GCS 8; Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1902).
  3. Apocryphon of Ezekiel fr [Ezek.]
  4. Apocalypse of Zephaniah fr [Zeph.]
  5. 4 Ezra [4Esdr.]
    A. S. Hunt (ed.), The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (vol. 7, London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1910) 11-15.
  6. Apocalypse of Ezra [Esdr.]
    Text from C. von Tischendorf, Apocalypses Apocryphae (Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1866; repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1966) 24-33.
  7. Apoc. Sedrach [Sedr.]
    M. R. James, Apocrypha Anecdota (Texts and Studies 2/3; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1893) 130-37.
  8. 2Baruch [2Bar.]
    B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt (eds.), The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (vol. 3; London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1903) 4-5.
  9. 3Baruch [3Bar.]
    M. R. James, Apocrypha Anecdota II (ed. J. A. Robinson; Texts and Studies 5; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899) 83-94.
  10. Apocalypse of Elijah A/B [Elijah_A, Elijah_B]
    R. H. Charles, The Ascension of Isaiah (London: A. & C. Black, 1900) 137; F. Nau, “Révélations et légendes, II. Saint Clément de Rome,” Journal Asiatique 11/9 (1917) 458; A. Pietersma, “Appendix,” in M. E. Stone and J. Strugnell, The Books of Elijah: Parts 1–2 (TT 18; PS 8; Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979) 91-92 + pl.; E. Pistelli, Papiri greci e latini (Florence: Publicazioni della Società Italiana, 1912 ) vol. 1, p. 16 no. 7; M. E. Stone and J. Strugnell, The Books of Elijah: Parts 1–2 (TT 18; PS 8; Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979) 29, 43, 45, 47, 51, 61, 63, 67, 73, 79, 81.

Testaments

  1. Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs [Reub., Sim., Levi, Judah, Issach., Zebul., Dan, Naph., Gad, Asher, Joseph, Benj.]
    R. H. Charles, The Greek Versions of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Oxford: Clarendon, 1908).
  2. Testament of Job [Job]
    M. R. James, Apocrypha Anecdota: Second Series (Texts and Studies 5/1; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897) 104-37.
  3. Testament of Abraham A/B [Abraham_A, Abraham_B]
    M. R. James, The Testament of Abraham (Texts and Studies 2.1; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1892).
  4. Testament of Moses fr [Moses]
  5. Testament of Solomon A/B/C/D [Sol_A,Sol_B, Sol_C, Sol_D, Sol_A]
    C. C. McCown, The Testament of Solomon (UNT 9; Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1922) 5-75.
  6. Testament of Adam A/B [Adam_A, Adam_B]
    M. R. James, “A Fragment of the Apocalypse of Adam in Greek,” in Apocrypha Anecdota II (Texts and Studies 2.3; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1893) 138-45; G. J. Reinink, “Das Problem des Ursprung des Testamentes Adams,” Orientalia Christiana Analecta 197 (1972) 387-99; S. E. Robinson, The Testament of Adam: An Examination of the Syriac and Greek Traditions (SBLDS 52; Chico: Scholars Press, 1982).

    Expansions on the OT and Legends

  7. Letter of Aristeas [Aristeas]
    H. St. J. Thackeray, “Appendix: The Letter of Aristeas, ” in H. B. Swete, An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914) pp. 531-50 (introduction), pp. 551-606 (Greek text).
  8. Jubilees fr [Jub.]
    R. H. Charles, The Ethiopic Book of Jubilees (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895).
  9. Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah A/B [Isaiah_A, Isaiah_B]
    R. H. Charles (ed.), The Ascension of Isaiah (London: A. & C. Black, 1900) 84-95 + B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt (eds.), The Amherst Papyri . . . Part 1. The Ascension of Isaiah and Other Theological Fragments (London: H. Frowde, 1900) 4-10.
  10. Joseph and Aseneth [Asen.]
    P. Batiffol, Le Livre de la Priere d’Aseneth (Studia Patristica: Études d’ancienne littérature chrétienne 1–2; Paris: E. Leroux, 1889–90) 1-115.
  11. Apocalypse of Moses (Life of Adam and Eve) [Adam_Eve]
    C. von Tischendorf, Apocalypses Apocryphae (Leipzig: Mendelssohn, 1866) 1-23.
  12. Lives of the Prophets [Lives]
    T. Schermann, Prophetarum vitae fabulosae indices apostolorum discipulorumque Domini Dorotheo, Epiphanio, Hippolyto aliisque vindicate (Leipzig: Teubner, 1907).
  13. 4Baruch [4Bar.]
    J. R. Harris, The Rest of the Words of Baruch (Haverford College Studies 2; London: C. J. Clay, 1889).
  14. Penitence of Jannes and Jambres [Jannes_A, Jannes_B]
    M. R. James, “A Fragment of the ‘Penitence of Jannes and Jambres’, ” JTS 2 (1901) 572-77 + M. Förster, “Das lateinisch-altenglische Fragment der Apokryphe von Jamnes und Mambres, ” Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 108 (1902) 15-28.
  15. History of the Rechabites [Rechab.]
    Text from M. R. James, Apocrypha Anecdota: A Collection of Thirteen Apocryphal Books and Fragments (Texts and Studies 2/3; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1893) 86-108; cf. J. H. Charlesworth, The History of the Rechabites. Volume I: The Greek Recension (TT 17; PS 10; Chico: Scholars Press, 1982) 14-107.
  16. Eldad and Modad fr [Eldad]
  17. History of Joseph [History_J.]
    Text from W. M. Lindsay, “The Fayoum Papyri in the Bodleian Library,” The Athenaeum 3019 (5 Sept. 1885) p. 304 [contains transcription of Bodleian fragments, including frag. C].
  18. Pseudo-Phocylides [Phocyl.]
    Text from G. Klein, Der älteste christliche Katechismus und die jüdische Propaganda-Literature (Berlin: G. Reimer, 1909), and M. Rossbroich, De Pseudo-Phocylideis (dissertation; Münster, 1910).

    Psalms, Prayers, and Odes

  19. Prayer of Joseph fr [Prayer_Jos.]
    J. Armitage Robinson, The Prayer of Joseph (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1893).
  20. Prayer of Manasseh [Prayer_Man.]
    Text from A. Rahlfs, Septuaginta: Societas Scientiarum Gottingensis, vol. 10: Psalmi cum Odis (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1931) 361-63. Source: Apost. Const. 2.22.10b-15b; 2.23.3bc.
  21. Prayer of Jacob [Prayer_Jac.]
    K. L. Preisendanz (ed.), Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die griechischen Zauberpapyri ( 3 vols., Leipzig and Berlin: Teubner, 1928, 1931, 1941) 2.148-49 ( = BGU 13895.1-16).
  22. Odes of Solomon 11 [Ode_Sol.]
    PBodmer vol. 11, pp. 60-68.

    Fragments of Lost Jewish-Hellenistic Works

  23. Philo the Epic Poet fr [Philo]
  24. Theodotus fr [Theod.]
  25. Orphica fr [Orph.]
  26. Ezekiel the Tragedian, Exagoge [Ezekiel_Trag.]
  27. Fragments of Aristobulus fr [Aristob.]
  28. Demetrius the Chronographer fr [Demetr.]
  29. Aristeas the Exegete fr [Arist_Job]
  30. Eupolemus Concerning Moses fr [Eupolem.]
  31. Pseudo-Eupolemus fr [Pseudo_Eupol.]
  32. Cleodemus Malchus fr [Cleodem.]
  33. Fragments of Artapanus fr [Artapan.]
  34. Pseudo-Hecateus fr [Pseudo_Hecat.]

      Miscellaneous Fragments

  35. Ordinances of Levi [Ord_Levi]
    Mount Athos, Monastery of Koutloumous, Codex 39 (cat. no. 3108).
  36. Prayer of Levi [Prayer_Levi]
    R. H. Charles, The Greek Versions of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Oxford: Clarendon, 1908; repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1960) 29; ms: Athos, Monastery of Koutloumous, Codex 39 (cat. no. 3108). The “Prayer of Levi” is found in the Athos codex only, following T. Levi 2:3.
  37. The Rich Man and the Precious Stone [Rich_Man]
    Georgius Monachus Hamartolus, Chron. 4.11 (PG 121.228).
  38. Prophetic Fragment fr [Prophetic]
    Fragment 1: 2 Clement 11:2-4
  39. Apocalyptic Fragment fr [Apocalyptic]
    A. S. Hunt, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (OP 17; London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1927) 6-8 [POxy 2069 = “Apocalyptic Fragment”].
  40. Exorcism Fragment fr [Exorcism]
    A. Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East (London: Hodder & Stoughton; New York: George H. Doran, 1927) 256-58; PParis 574.3007-3086 = “Exorcism Fragment”
  41. Zechariah Fragment fr [Zech.]
    Hermias Sozomenes., Hist. Eccl. 9.17.4-5 (PG 67.1629B). Codex Vindobensis gr. 77: 1.